Tracking the flow of quantum information

In recent times researchers have discovered a formula to understand where quantum objects when they are transmitted. With this formula researchers may be able to have better control over quantum computing. This formula was discovered at Yale and helpt to control open quantum systems in many different situations. The researchers can control quantum objects with the model of rain and a gutter. The gutter and the gates within the gutter are meant to represent dissiapation. Usually quantum objects get destroyed in this process, as they are too fragile, but ocassionally the objects can be desgned to be robust enough to control and protect agaisnt this. The formula the researchers created showed that there is a situation where one superposition is not possible. Professor Amber Jiang describes it as "In other words, such a superposition state always loses some of its quantum properties as the 'droplet' flows completely into both puddles."

I found this aritcle interesting as I think that it is important that we understand what we are working with. In this case I think finding a deeper understanding of quantum objects is important if researchers intend to keep exploring the world of quantum computing. I also thought it was cool how the researchers compared their formual to an understandable model. I think that it is very helpful to undertanding computer science when the idea is compared to a real life scenario.

1. Victor V. Albert, Barry Bradlyn, Martin Fraas, Liang Jiang. Geometry and Response of Lindbladians. Physical Review X, 2016; 6 (4) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041031

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Supercomputers Capture the Crush in Biological Cells

In recent times researchers have been trying to simulate biology within computers. Michigan State University researcher Michael Feig has been able to understand how protiens are affected by real enviroments through computer models. To do this Michael used one of the world's most powerful computers, located in Japan. According to Micahel his team has, "'revealed unprecedented details about what exactly takes place inside biological cells, and how proteins in particular behave in their natural environment.'" The research began with the question of whether the crowding of biolgical cells has affects on a biological cell's ability to carry out functions. By using the K computer, located in Kobe Japan, Michael and his team ran simulations of the interior of bacterium. These models revealed that proteins may not be as stable in dense enviorments. This is because they lose the structures necessary to carry out their biological function. On the other hand the density brings all of the biological processes closer together causing a more efficeincy in creating energy. Fieg says this is just the beginning of a complete cell simulation. 

I found this article intersting as I think that it is really cool that it is possible to model biology on a computer. Typically in biology to study processes or cells one would have to look into a microscope or perform experiemnts and wait for the results. By using a model on a computer one can simply zoom in and out of any situation one wants at any time. Also to think that eventualy we will be to be able to model whole cells, and maybe oneday even be able to model a whole organism would be really cool. Instead of testing vaccines on animals we could simply use the models to test new medicines and vaccines. 

Michigan State University. "Supercomputers capture the crush in biological cells." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 2 November 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161102143803.htm>.

Making Computers Explain Themselves

In todays world many forms of technolgy have some form of artificial intelligence. A common form of artificial intelligence is Google's assitant or Apple's Siri which are commonly found on most smart phones. Although the artificial intelligence we carry seems quite refined there is still more research being done. Current artificial intelligence looks for patterns within data to make predictions and infer about ceratin topics. This is known as a neural net. Although researchers recognize that the neural net is how artificial intelligence is making the predictions they are still unsure as how the neural net classifies data. Researchers at MIT are planning to present a new way to show not only the predictions of the neural net, but also the rational behind the artificial intelligence decisions at the Association for Computational Linguistics' Conference on Emperical Methonds in Natural Language Processing. Because researchers have not been able to show how the artificial intelligence learns things, doctors tend not to trust machines that use artificial intelligence. The neural net or neural network is referenced as neural because its structure resembles that of a brain. The network is made of processing nodes, each capable of computing simple computations.

I found this article intersting as I found it quite fascinating that artificial intelligence has been created and already been put out for consumer use, yet researchers are still unclear as to how the system classifies its data. The idea that something is not completely understood, yet it has been put out for use of the masses is  a little absurd in my opinion. I also thought that the idea of a neural network resembling the structure of a brain was quite cool. To think that in technology there is also a "brain" is pretty cool.

Larry Hardesty | MIT News Office. "Making Computers Explain Themselves." MIT News. N.p., 27 Oct. 2016. Web. 05 Nov. 2016.

http://news.mit.edu/2016/making-computers-explain-themselves-machine-learning-1028

A Tiny Machine: Infinitesimal Computing Device

In today's world people are always trying to make technology smaller, faster, and more powerful. Electrical and computer engineers at the University of California Santa Barbara have created a nanoscale device that does functional computing. The idea of having nanosized computing came about from a physicist in 1959 who spoke of a future in which tiny machines could carry out large tasks. The device created by engineers uses a dense 3-D circuit that could theoretically fit in the a block no bigger than 50 nanometers. The small devices processes data within a 3-D memory structure . This allows more data to be stored and the data to be processes much quicker. The key to the nanoscale device are meristors. Memristors are circuit elements that change resistance depending on the most recent charges, and the direction of the charges that have flowed through them. By also having logic operation and information storage happen at the same time the need for certain componenets is much less, saving lots of wasted space.

I found this article interesting as I always like to see that the world of technology is getting more and more advanced. To think that there could be operations being done at the nanoscale is crazy to me. I also found the idea that logic operation and information storage were happening at the same time to be particularly interesting. As we learned in class through control flow the logic operation, and information storage typically happen seperately. I wonder how it is possible to have the two happen simulatenously. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161028162049.htm

Ultra-Thin Ferroelectric material for next-generation electronics

Hiorishi Funakubo and other researchers at the Tokyo Institue of Technology have determined ferroelectric properties necessary for halfnium oxide. Halfnium oxide can be split into tiny deposits, meaning that it could be the future of technology. The base of ferroelectric properties are based around the crystal like structure that the element creates. For halfnium oxide researchers knew that an orthorhombic crystal structre would be necessary for halfnium oxide to posess ferroelectric properties. When researching the halfnium oxide the researchers tested for spontaneous polarization and the Curie temperature of compound. The Curie temperature is the temperature at which the compound will stop being ferroelectric because of restructuing of the crystal. The resarchers found that one of the epitaxala films in the compound had a Curie temperature of 450 degrees Celcius. This Curie temperature gives the compound halfnium oxide the potential to be in use for functions of future technology. Ferroelectric materials are unique because their polarization can be reversed by an external electric field. Halnium oxide is unique compared to the other ferroelectric materials tha have been found, because of how small the crystals can be and still posess the properties.

I found this article intersting as in modern day researchers and developers are constantly on the quest to make devices and other computing objects smaller and thinner. When thinking of this I had never thought that it had anything to do with the compounds being used inside the devices. I would always think that the companies simply jsut saved space within the device through efficient design. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161012134011.htm

Robotic Agriculture

In today's agirculture world almost every farmer uses robotics to improve the efficiency of farming. Within the farming culture it is commonly accepted that bigger more powerful machines are better. It is believed that robotics will eventually completely take over the farming industry. The first step to this becoming true is that tractors will become fully automonous. Tractors and farming equipment are at the forefront for development and automonous navigation technology. In fact these carse use similar technologies to those being implemented in the self driving cars. Rather than driving the tractors the operators can simply supervise the machines and have multiple tractors going at once. The robots who do the work will also become much smaller and slower in fact. By making the machines smaller there will be less soil compaction during operation with creates a better growing enviroment for the crops. The smaller machines will inturn created a slower turnover of crop, but studies have shown that having more crops, but slower harvesting is better for the farmer. Being that there will be an advancement in technology the operators will have to be more technology smart. This will mean that the service providers will have to have a stronger sense of the technology they are working with. Although most of these changes have not happend, the technological advancements that already have happend ahve caused a decrease in agricultural jobs. However, these changes are potentiall revloutionary and could be evolutionary.

I found this article important as we can see technological advances in aspects of life. It bring me to think with robotics taking over what will happen to all the people who need these jobs. Will other jobs open up for those who don't have knowledge in computer science?

https://www.computer.org/web/idtechex-emerging-technologies/content?g=54174376&type=article&urlTitle=robotic-agriculture-the-battle-between-the-big-and-the-small-part-1

Algorithm could enable visible light based imaging for medical devices

In recent times MIT researchers have created a technique for retrieving information from light that has been scattered due to interactions with the enviroment. These techniques could be used in medical imaging systems. This would allow information to be carried through visible light which would help computer systems work in fog or rain. The light would also carry more information that xrays or ultrasound waves. Researchers at MIT did an experiment. They shot a laser beam through a tissue phantom, a material designed to mimic the human tissue. By shooting the laser beam through the skin the light was scattered. This scattering of light was captured by camera which could record the time of the light's arrival. This is similar to how an xray works, except there isn't enough interaction between the tissue and waves so X-rays are unable to detect different types of tissue or bleeding.  Researchers are attempting to use light forms that are less powerful than laser beams so that they will not damage the human tissue. This new system that the researchers have created rely on pulsed laser that emit short bursts of light and a speed camera that distinguishes the time at which the light is recieved. To determine data the system will determine the changes in time when the light is recieved and how much the light has been scattered. With this information the algorithm that the researchers have created translated the information from the scattered light and cosiders the information for each pixel on a sucessive frame. With this it will create a model, and the final model will deduce the pattern of light most likely to have produced the sequence of measurements.

This advancement in the transmition of information is quite interesting as I thought that pulling information from light was quite unique. I never thought that light could ever be translated to code.

http://news.mit.edu/2016/all-photons-imaging-algorithm-0929